Understanding Coin Grading: A Complete Guide for Collectors

When buying or selling coins, one of the most important factors that determines a coin’s value is its grade—the official measure of its condition. In the world of numismatics, coins are graded on a standardized scale that ranges from heavily worn to perfect mint state. At usstatequarters.com, we use this grading system to give collectors confidence in every purchase.

In this guide, we’ll explain the most common coin grades you’ll see, from AG (About Good) to MS (Mint State), and what they mean for collectors.

What Is Coin Grading?

Coin grading is the process of evaluating a coin’s condition based on wear, luster, strike quality, and eye appeal. The Sheldon Scale, developed in 1949 and now used worldwide, assigns a numeric grade between 1 and 70, with 70 being a flawless coin. Collectors often see coins labeled with both a letter grade (such as EF or AU) and a numeric grade (such as F12 or G4).

Coin Grades Explained

AG (About Good, Grade 3)

• Description: Coins at this grade are heavily worn, with designs nearly flat. Only the outlines of major details are visible.

• Collector Insight: While low on the scale, AG coins are often affordable entry points for rare issues that are nearly impossible to find in higher grades.

G4 (Good, Grade 4)

• Description: Major details are outlined, but inscriptions may be faint. The coin has significant wear but is identifiable.

• Collector Insight: Good condition coins are often chosen when affordability is more important than pristine appearance.

VG (Very Good, Grade 8–10)

• Description: Major design elements are clear, though still well worn. The rim may be slightly faded.

• Collector Insight: VG coins represent a balance between affordability and detail.

F12 (Fine, Grade 12)

• Description: Moderate wear. Many details are clear, though high points are flattened.

• Collector Insight: Fine grade coins are highly collectible because they retain strong detail while being more affordable than higher-grade examples.

VF (Very Fine, Grades 20–35)

• Description: Moderate wear on high points, but most details remain sharp. Legends and date are clear.

• Collector Insight: VF coins are often sought by collectors who want visible details without paying Mint State prices.

EF/XF (Extremely Fine, Grades 40–45)

• Description: Only slight wear on the highest points. Nearly full detail is visible.

• Collector Insight: EF coins often show excellent eye appeal and are close to “as struck.”

AU (About Uncirculated, Grades 50–58)

• Description: Very light wear, often visible only under magnification. Retains nearly full mint luster.

• Collector Insight: AU coins provide near-Mint quality at a fraction of the price, making them a favorite among savvy collectors.

MS (Mint State, Grades 60–70)

• Description: No wear at all. These coins look exactly as they did when they left the mint, though they may show bag marks or minor imperfections.

• Collector Insight: MS coins, especially MS65 and above, command the highest premiums. An MS70 coin is considered perfect.

Why Coin Grading Matters

• Value: A coin’s grade directly impacts its market price. For example, the same coin in AG might be worth $20, while in MS65 it could sell for thousands.

• Authenticity: Standardized grading helps protect buyers and sellers by ensuring fair descriptions.

• Collecting Strategy: Some collectors focus on rare coins regardless of grade, while others aim for the highest condition examples possible.

Shop Graded Coins with Confidence

At usstatequarters.com, we carry a wide selection of Morgan Silver Dollars, Peace Dollars, Eisenhower Dollars, American Women Quarters, and more—all clearly described with accurate grading so you can buy with confidence. Whether you’re looking for an affordable Good condition coin or a Mint State investment piece, we have something for every collector.